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从 汽油燃料箱 到 电池容量 的考量
Traditional ICE Car 内燃机汽车
Traditional ICE Car 内燃机汽车
Let consider driving range from a traditional ICE car first.
The size of fuel tank, how much fuel an ICE car can hold, and the fuel efficiency (l/km) of the car, i.e. how many litre of fuel is burnt for the car to move one km, determine its range with a full tank. In short, the range is a factor of fuel tank capacity and fuel efficiency.
内燃机汽车的行驶里程是汽油箱容量和燃油效率的综合效果。燃油效率（L/km）是指汽车每行驶1公里消耗多少升燃料。
Battery Electric Car (BEV) 纯电动汽车
Battery Electric Car (BEV) 纯电动汽车
The driving range of an electric car at full battery capacity is a factor of battery capacity, energy efficiency of the car, and the driving conditions. The battery capacity (kWh) is how much energy the battery can store, measure in Wh. The energy efficiency is how much energy (Wh) is used for the car to move a km, measured in Wh/km or commonly in kWh/100km.
As you drive your electric car, the energy in your car's battery is used up to power the car. The percentage of electric energy still stored in a battery is known as the State of Charge (SOC) of the battery.
So an electric car with battery capacity of 77 kWh, and energy efficiency of 17.5 kWh/100km, will have a maximum range of 440 km. If the SOC is 50%, it means the battery of this car is half full, i.e. 38.5 kWh of energy remaining, which has a range of approximately 220 km.
Driving conditions include factors like speed, acceleration, braking, and external elements, like temperature and terrain, can significantly impact the driving range, both positively or negatively.
When comparing the range of electric car, always check using the WLTP range.
WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Duty Vehicles Test Procedure) is a international standardized test used to measure the fuel consumption and range of vehicles, including EVs. It provides a more accurate representation of real-world driving conditions compared to previous testing methods.
电动汽车续航里程主要是电池容量 (battery capacity) 和能源效率的综合效果。电池容量是电动汽车的电池能储存多少能量，计算单位是【千瓦时】(kWh)。能源效率 (energy efficiency) 是指汽车每行驶1公里消耗多少能量，计算单位是【瓦时/公里】(Wh/km) 或【千瓦时/100公里】(kWh/100km) 。电池状态 State of Charge (SOC) 是电池中仍储存的电能量百分比。
因此，一辆电池容量为 77 kWh、能源效率为 17.5 kWh/100km 的电动汽车，其最大续航里程为 440 公里。如果汽车电池 SOC 为 50%，则意味着电池半满，即剩余 38.5 kWh 的能量，所剩的续航里程是 220 公里左右。
续航里程的另一个关键因素是驾驶条件，包挂驾驶速度、加速、制动和外部条件，如温度、地形等因素，都会正面或负面影响续航里程。
在比较电动汽车续航里程时，WLTP 提供的续航里程测量准较确。
WLTP（全球统一轻型车辆测试程序）是一种标准化的测试，用于测量内燃机汽车的燃油消耗或电动汽车能源效率，及续航里程。与之前的测试方法相比，它更准确地代表了真实世界的驾驶条件。
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