Types of Electric Cars based on Drivetrain

电动汽车（传动系统）类型

Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) 混合动力电动汽车

HEV has both a fossil fuel engine and an electric motor to propel the vehicle. It is using combination of fossil fuel, such as petrol or diesel, and electric power. It has NO plugging charge point. There are two broad categories of HEV. Those that purely use regenerative braking to capture energy and store it in the battery. The figure below is a simplified view of the powertrain and power source.

混合动力汽车结合使用化石燃料（汽油或柴油）能源和电力能源。既有化石燃料发动机，也有电动机来驱动车辆。它没有插电充电点。HEV 有两个主要类别。一种仅使用再生制动来捕获电能量并将其存储在电池中。请参见下面的简化视图。

The other category of HEV uses a powersplit from main ICE, to charge its internal battery and regenerative braking to capture and store energy in the battery. See the figure to the right, which is the simplified view.

另一类别的 HEV 使用主内燃机（ICE）的动力分流来为其内部电池充电，并使用再生制动来捕获能量并将其存储在电池中。请参见下面的简化视图。

In general it has an improved fuel efficiency and fuel economy compared to traditional internal combustion engine car. However the main energy source is still from the fossil fuel itself. Also having a much more complex architecture comparing to both ICE cars and BEVs, means more moving parts for maintenance.

总的来说，与传统的内燃机汽车相比，混合动力汽车具有更好的燃油效率和燃油经济性。然而，其主要能源来源仍然是化石燃料本身。此外，与内燃机汽车和纯电动汽车相比，混合动力汽车具有更复杂的架构，这意味着更多的移动部件需要维护。

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) 插电式混合动力电动汽车

PHEVs are similar to HEV but have external charging port to allow charging of the battery from external EV chargers. Comparing to HEVs, PHEVs also have larger battery capacity which allow them to travel longer distances on electric power alone (see figure below).

Some PHEVs allow drivers to choose between the engines, for example using electric power for shorter trips or switch to the petrol engine for longer journeys.

The downside is that the HEV and PHEV continue to use fossil fuels and hence having tailpipe emissions. *Also not forgetting that the real world tailpipe emission of PHEV is much higher than the official figures provided.

*According to the 2023 Report from Australia Climate Council, the tailpipe emission of PHEVs in the real world is a lot more than captured in the laboratory test cycles used to determine their ‘official’ emissions data, based on multiple research papers.

2 to 4 times more CO2 on the road than in the lab, Plötz et al. 2021
5 to 7 times more emissions for city driving when the vehicle is not charged. Transport and Environment 2023
166% higher than official figures with full state of charge, and 337% higher at low state of charge, Australian Automobile Association (AAA) 2017

插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV）与 HEV 类似，但具有外部充电端口，允许从外部电动汽车充电器为电池充电。与 HEV 相比，PHEV 还具有更大的电池容量，使它们能够仅靠电力行驶更长的距离（见下图）。一些 PHEV 允许驾驶员在发动机之间进行选择，例如使用电力进行短途旅行或切换到汽油发动机进行长途旅行。缺点是 HEV 和 PHEV 继续使用化石燃料，因此排放尾气。

Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) 纯电动汽车

BEVs have only electric motor(s) and no internal combustion engine. Comparing to HEVs and PHEVs, they have larger battery capacity and have longer electric powered driving range. The battery must be charged from external power outlet or dedicated EV charging stations, either using AC charging or DC fast charging. The figure to the left is a simplified view of BEV drivetrain and power source.

Since BEVs do not have ICE like HEVs and PHEVs, they produce zero tailpipe emissions, making them environmentally friendly.

纯电动汽车（BEV）仅具有电动机，没有内燃机。与 HEV 和 PHEV 相比，它们具有更大的电池容量和更长的纯电动行驶里程。电池必须从外部电源插座或专用电动汽车充电站充电，可以使用交流（AC）充电或直流（DC）快充。上面的图是 BEV 动力传动系统和电源的简化视图。由于 BEV 没有像 HEV 和 PHEV 那样的内燃机，它们不产生尾气排放，因此对环境友好。

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